RT Book, Section A1 Bellew, James W. A2 Bellew, James W. A2 Nolan, Thomas P. SR Print(0) ID 1187662147 T1 Clinical Electrical Stimulation: Application and Techniques T2 Michlovitz’s Modalities for Therapeutic Intervention, 7e YR 2022 FD 2022 PB F. A. Davis Company PP New York, NY SN 9781719641999 LK fadavispt.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1187662147 RD 2024/03/29 AB It is probably not surprising that many students and clinicians feel intimidated or confused by clinical electrotherapy considering the many waveforms and parameters presented in Chapter 9. Waveforms vary in many ways, and these variations are even more obvious when looking at the variety of dials, buttons, switches, and lights found on electrotherapeutic devices. However, this confusion is entirely unnecessary, because a competent and clinically effective knowledge of electrotherapeutics can easily be obtained by understanding how waveforms and parameters result in the many effects produced with electrotherapy. Unfortunately, intimidation and confusion are perpetuated by commercial hype, longstanding myths, well-meaning but poorly informed clinicians, complex-appearing instrumentation, and sometimes misleading user’s manuals. This chapter is the last of Section II, “Types of Modalities”, and will present further fundamental information relevant to effective use of electrical stimulation (ES). Following this chapter, Section III will present chapters on more specific areas of ES with corresponding case studies.