RT Book, Section
A1 Tartick, Karen
A2 Effgen, Susan K.
A2 Fiss, Alyssa LaForme
SR Print(0)
ID 1187763380
T1 Case Study: Autism Spectrum Disorder
T2 Meeting the Physical Therapy Needs of Children, Third Edition
YR 2021
FD 2021
PB F. A. Davis Company
PP New York, NY
SN 9780803697287
LK fadavispt.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1187763380
RD 2024/04/24
AB Autism  spectrum  disorder  (ASD)  is  a  neurodevelopmental  disorder  estimated  to  affect  up  to  1.7%  of  children  in  the  United  States,  according  to  the  Centers  for  Disease  Control  and  Prevention  (CDC)  (Maenner  et  al.,  2020),  and  3%  of  children  age  4  years  in  the  United  States  (Christensen  et  al.,  2019).  Children  with  ASD  have  impairments  in  social  and  communication  interactions  and  restrictive/repetitive  behaviors  that  affect  their  functional  abilities.  ASD  is  one  of  the  fastest  growing  pediatric  disorders  and  affects  boys  four  times  more  often  than  girls  (Maenner  et  al.,  2020).  The  prevalence  of  ASD  has  risen  dramatically  in  recent  years,  with  estimates  from  1:150  children  in  the  year  2000  to  1:54  children  in  2020  (1:34  boys,  1:144  girls)  an  increase  of  175%  since  2000  (Maenner  et  al.,  2020).  Autism  affects  all  ethnic  and  socioeconomic  groups;  prevalence  estimates  are  approximately  identical  for  children  who  identify  as  non-Hispanic  white,  non-Hispanic  black,  and  Asian/Pacific  Islander  (18.5,  18.3,  and  17.9,  respectively)  but  lower  for  children  who  identify  as  Hispanic  (15.4)  (Maenner  et  al.,  2020).  Co-occurring  conditions  are  common  in  children  with  ASD,  including  sleep  disorders  and  seizures;  other  developmental  or  behavioral  diagnoses,  such  as  attention  deficit-hyperactivity  disorder  (ADHD),  anxiety,  and  mood  disorders;  and  behavioral  disorders,  such  as  food  refusal,  self-injury,  and  aggression  (Coury,  2010;  Hossain  et  al.,  2020).  Both  fine  and  gross  motor  skills  may  be  delayed  in  preschool-age  children  with  ASD  (Lloyd,  MacDonald,  &  Lord,  2013).  Children  with  ASD  are  more  likely  to  have  delays  in  gross  motor  skills  and  coordination  compared  with  children  in  the  general  population  and  may  meet  DSM-5  criteria  (see  next  paragraph)  for  developmental  coordination  disorder  (DCD)  in  addition  to  ASD  (Bhat,  2020;  Dewey,  Cantell,  &  Crawford,  2007).