RT Book, Section A1 Goodman, Catherine A1 Helgeson, Kevin SR Print(0) ID 1133952172 T1 Osteoporosis T2 Exercise Prescription for Medical Conditions: Handbook for Physical Therapists YR 2011 FD 2011 PB McGraw-Hill Education PP New York, NY SN 9780803617148 LK fadavispt.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1133952172 RD 2024/03/28 AB Osteoporosis is the loss of bone tissue leading to decreased bone density. Poor acquisition of bone density in youth and accelerated bone density loss during aging are the primary reasons for developing osteoporosis. Bone density acquisition and loss are regulated by genetic and environmental factors. Primary osteoporosis is due to loss of estrogen and aging, whereas secondary osteoporosis is due to conditions or medications that accelerate bone loss. Risk factors for developing osteoporosis are genetic, behavioral, and nutritional.1 Bone mineral density (BMD) is assessed by passing low-level radiation through the bone to estimate the level of bone mineral content. Tests are typically taken of the vertebral spine, neck of the femur, and wrist bones. Individuals with a BMD T-score of -2.5 or less are diagnosed with osteoporosis. Individuals with primary osteoporosis do not have specific causes for endurance impairments, outside of their normal limitations based on age and activity level. Those with secondary osteoporosis may have endurance impairments associated with another chronic condition. Management of osteoporosis requires the combination of factors to control the loss of bone density.2