TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - The Ankle and Foot Complex A1 - Martin, RobRoy L. A2 - Levangie, Pamela K. A2 - Norkin, Cynthia C. PY - 2011 T2 - Joint Structure and Function: A Comprehensive Analysis, 5e AB - The ankle/foot complex is structurally analogous to the wrist/hand complex of the upper extremity but has a number of distinct differences to optimize its primary role to bear weight. The complementing structures of the ankle/foot complex permit both stability and mobility depending on conditions acting on it. The foot is able to sustain large weight-bearing stresses while accommodating to a variety of surfaces and activities. The foot must be stable to provide an adequate base of support and function as a rigid lever for pushing-off when walking, running, or jumping. In contrast, the foot must also be mobile to adapt to uneven terrain, absorb shock as the foot hits the ground, and dampen rotations imposed by the more proximal joints of the lower extremity. The ankle/foot complex meets these diverse requirements through the integrated movements of its 28 bones that form 25 component joints. These joints include the proximal and distal tibiofibular joints, talocrural (ankle) joint, talocalcaneal (subtalar) joint, talonavicular and calcaneocuboid joints (transverse tarsal joints), five tarsometatarsal joints, metatarsophalangeal joints, and nine interphalangeal joints. SN - PB - McGraw-Hill Education CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/03/28 UR - fadavispt.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1132840461 ER -