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Part II: Upper-Extremity Testing: Introduction
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OBJECTIVES
On completion of Part II, you will be able to:
Identify:
appropriate planes and axes for each upper-extremity joint motion
normal ranges of motion for each upper-extremity joint
structures that limit the end of the range of motion (ROM)
expected normal end-feels
Describe:
testing positions used for each upper-extremity joint motion and muscle length test
goniometer alignment for each motion and muscle length test
capsular pattern of restricted motion
range of motion necessary for selected functional activities at each major upper-extremity joint
Explain:
how age, gender, and other factors can affect the range of motion
how sources of error in measurement can affect testing results
Perform goniometric measurement of joint ROM and muscle length testing for the shoulder, elbow, wrist, and hand that includes:
a clear explanation of the testing procedure
proper placement of the individual in the testing position
adequate stabilization
correct determination of the end of the motion
correct identification of the end-feel
palpation of the appropriate bony landmarks
accurate alignment of the goniometer and correct reading and recording of goniometric measurements
Plan goniometric measurements of the shoulder, elbow, wrist, and hand that are organized by body position.
Assess intratester and intertester reliability of the reader's goniometric measurements of the upper -extremity joints using the statistical methods described in Chapter 3.