Pneumocystosis - Pneumono-, Pneumon-

pneumocystosis

(nū″mō-sĭs-tō′ sĭs) Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.

pneumocyte

(nū′mō-sīt) Either of the two types of cells that form the alveoli of the lung. Type I cells are simple squamous epithelium that permit gas exchange. Type II cells are rounded and produce surfactant.

pneumoencephalography

(nū″mō-ĕn-sĕf ″ă-lŏg′ră-fē) [″ + ″ + graphein, to write] An obsolete technique of radiography of the ventricles and subarachnoid spaces of the brain following withdrawal of cerebrospinal fluid and injection of air or gas via lumbar puncture. This technique has been replaced by computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging.

pneumogram

(nū′mō-grăm) [″ + gramma, something written] 1. A record of respiratory movements. 2. A radiograph following injection of air.

pneumograph

(nū′mō-grăf) [″ + graphein, to write] A device for recording the frequency and intensity of respiration.

pneumography

(nū-mŏg′ră-fē) 1. An anatomical description or illustration of the lung. 2. The recording of respiratory movements on a graph. 3. Radiography of a part or organ after injection of air.

pneumohemopericardium

(nū′mō-hēm″ o-pĕr-ĭ-kăr′dē-ŭm) [Gr. pneumon, lung, + haima, blood, + peri, around, + kardia, heart] The accumulation of air and blood in the pericardium.

pneumolysin

(nū-mŏl′ĭ-sĭn) A hemolytic toxin produced by pneumococci.

pneumomediastinum

(nū′mō-mē″dē-ăs-tī′nŭm) [″ + L. mediastinum, in the middle] The presence of air or gas in the mediastinal tissues, either owing to disease or following injection of air into the area. It is a cause of intense chest pain that worsens with movement.

pneumonectomy

(noo″mŏ-nek′tŏ-mē, nū″) [pneumono- + -ectomy] Excision of an entire lung. SYN: pneumectomy.

 extrapleural p. Surgery that removes a lung, the adjacent pleural and the pericardium. It is used as a treatment for malignant mesothelioma.

pneumonia

(noo-mōn′yă) [pneumono-+ -ia] ABBR: PNA. Inflammation of the lungs, usually due to infection with bacteria, viruses, or other pathogens. Clinically, pneumonia is an infectious disease. Pulmonary inflammation due to other causes is called pneumonitis. In the U.S., about 4,500,000 people contract pneumonia each year, and pneumonia is the sixth most common cause of death in the U.S. and the most common cause of death due to infectious disease. Pneumonia occurs most commonly in weakened people (those with cancer, heart or lung disease, immunosuppressive illnesses, diabetes mellitus, cirrhosis, malnutrition, and renal failure), but virulent pathogens can cause pneumonia in the healthy. Smoking, general anesthesia, and endotracheal intubation increase the risk for developing pneumonia by inhibiting airway defenses and helping pathogens reach the alveoli of the lungs. SEE: aspiration; pleural effusion; empyema; pleurisy; pneumonitis; tuberculosis...