O & P

Unique attributes

• Custom-molded

• May need adjustments over time

Common uses

• Skull reshaping in plagiocephaly

Precautions

• Best results if started <1 yr old

• Device worn 23 hr/day

Unique attributes

• Can be of flexible tubular PVC or plastic and foam

• May be customized

Common uses

• Used either to stabilize cervical spine or to limit movement

• Head positioning and movement support in torticollis

Precautions

• Not tolerated well by children <4 mo

• Must be able to move away from flexible collar for torticollis application

Unique attributes

• Design depends on level of control needed

• Can control motion/position in all three planes

Common uses

• Scoliosis/posture

• Postsurgical

• Protection post-injury

Precautions

• Typically worn 23 hr/day

Milwaukee brace (CTLSO)

Boston brace (TLSO)

Unique attributes

• Prevents hip adduction and internal rotation

Common uses

• Reduces scissoring gait

• Reduces hip adduction in sitting

Precautions

• Must be worn outside of clothes

Standing-walking-and-sitting hip orthoses (SWASH)

Unique attributes

• Maintains legs in flexed, abducted position

• May be made out of straps only or employ plastic and leather components

Common uses

• Conservative management for hip disorders or dysplasia

• Prevents hip dislocation

Precautions

• Hygiene

Scottish-Rite brace (typically used for Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease)

Unique attributes

• Controls hip, knee, ankle

• Allows reciprocal or swing-through gait

Common uses

• Standing and gait support after spinal cord injury and with myelodysplasias

Precautions

• Device weight may challenge mobility

Parapodium/standing frame

HKAFOs

Unique attributes

• Type of bilateral HKAFO—controls hip, knee, ankle

• Prevents double hip flexion ("jackknife")

Common uses

• Reciprocal or swing-through gait after spinal cord injury and with myelodysplasias

Precautions

• Device weight may limit mobility

Unique attributes

• Holds knee in extension or limits ROM

Common uses

• Postsurgical

• Night splinting

Precautions

• Adequate knee ROM needed

Unique attributes

• Various knee joints to allow manual or independent locking/unlocking

• Ankle positioned in some dorsiflexion can aid hip stability

Common uses

• Stability during standing or gait (knee, ankle, foot)

• Blocks knee flexion or recurvatum

• Can be used at night for splinting/stretching

• Correction of deformity

Precautions

• Weight of device may limit mobility

Unique attributes

• Adjustable dorsiflexion tension

Common uses

• Provides nighttime dorsiflexion stretch

• Prevents plantar flexion contractures

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