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LEARNING OUTCOMES
Describe the current physical activity recommendations for adults as put forth in the 2008 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans.
Identify the common risk factors for cardiometabolic disorders.
Describe the following cardiometabolic and vascular disorders: hypertension, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, dyslipidemia, cardiovascular disease, and stroke.
Define prehypertension and prediabetes, and identify key lifestyle strategies for preventing the progression of these pre-states to full-blown hypertension and diabetes.
Identify the cluster of conditions that define metabolic syndrome.
Describe the role of exercise in treating cardiovascular and peripheral vascular disease.
Describe the common symptoms of coronary artery disease and steps to take when a person is experiencing these symptoms.
Explain the various types of exercise testing and their use in healthy individuals and people with chronic health conditions.
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ANCILLARY LINK
Visit DavisPlus at http://davisplus.fadavis.com for study and practice resources, including online quizzes, animations that help explain physiological processes, podcasts concerning news and career trends in exercise physiology, and practice references.
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VIGNETTE
Vincent Consolo is a successful computer programmer, developing and selling specialized software worldwide. He typically works long hours at his computer developing software programs and tends to spend his recreational time watching television and reading. Vincent's wife, concerned with his lack of physical activity, increasing weight, and shortness of breath with minimal exertion, had been pestering him to start an exercise program for a number of years. In the spring of 2011, Vincent finally gave in to her pressuring and decided to take up a home walking program to see if he could get some of the 225 pounds he now carried off his 5'10" frame. Because Vincent, now 46 years old, had not seen a health-care provider since college, he was unaware of his numerous underlying risk factors. Unknown to Vincent, he has a resting blood pressure (BP) of 148/102 mm Hg, total cholesterol (TC) of 259 mg/dL, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol of 185 mg/dL, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol of 38 mg/dL, and triglyceride level of 180 mg/dL.
What might be the result of Vincent's current level of health, and what preventive measures could he have taken to avoid the potential for adverse outcomes?
Although Vincent's current BP is 148/102 mm Hg, a level considered to be hypertensive, he was unaware of the condition because he had not seen a medical provider in years and had not had his BP measured. His BP challenge began during college. When faced with a heavy academic load, Vincent began to forgo physical activity in favor of studying and challenging friends to computer games. By the end of his freshman year, Vincent's resting BP had increased to 135/86 mm Hg and his 5'10" frame was supporting 185 pounds, which resulted in a body mass index (BMI) of 26.5 kg/m2 (overweight). Vincent's weight and declining physical activity were important factors affecting his increased resting BP.
Vincent's BP during college was in the ...