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Appendix C

Appendix C: Joint Measurements by Body Position

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TABLE C.1Shoulder, Elbow, Forearm, and Wrist Motion: Mean Values in Degrees
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TABLE C.1 Shoulder, Elbow, Forearm, and Wrist Motion: Mean Values in Degrees
Joint/Body Region   Position    
  Prone Supine Sitting Standing
Shoulder Extension Flexion    
Abduction
Medial rotation
Lateral rotation
Elbow   Flexion    
Forearm     Pronation Supination  
Wrist     All motions  
Hand     All motions  
Hip Extension Flexion Medial rotation  
Lateral rotation* Abduction Lateral rotation
Medial rotation* Adduction  
Knee   Flexion    
Ankle and foot Subtalar inversion Dorsiflexion Dorsiflexion  
Subtalar eversion Plantar flexion Plantar flexion
Inversion Inversion
Eversion Eversion
Midtarsal inversion Midtarsal inversion
Midtarsal eversion Midtarsal eversion
Toes All motions All motions
Cervical spine   Rotation† Flexion  
Extension
Lateral flexion
Rotation
Thoracolumbar spine     Rotation Flexion
Extension
Lateral flexion
Rotation†‡
Temporomandibular joint     All motions  

*Alternative position.

†Measurement position using single inclinometer.

‡Measurement position using double inclinometer.

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