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Appendix A: Normative Range of Motion Values

INTRODUCTION

TABLE A.1Shoulder, Elbow, Forearm, and Wrist Motion: Mean Values in Degrees
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TABLE A.1 Shoulder, Elbow, Forearm, and Wrist Motion: Mean Values in Degrees
  Wanatabe et al∗1 Boone and Azen2 Green and Wolf3 Walker et al4 Downey et al5 AAOS6 AMA7
  0-2 yrs n = 45 1-54 yrs n = 109 18-55 yrs n = 20 65-85yrs n = 60 61-93 yrs n = 106    
Motion   (M) (10 M, 10 F) (30 M, 30 F) (60 M, 140 F shoulders)    
Shoulder Complex
Flexion 172-180 167 156 165 165 180 180
Extension 78-89 62 — 44 — 60 50
Abduction 177-187 184 168 165 158 180 180
Medial rotation 72-90 69 49 62 65 70 90
Lateral rotation 118-134 104 84 81 81 90 90
Elbow and Forearm
Flexion 148-158 143 145 143 — 150 140
Extension — 1 0 4† — 0 0
Pronation 90-96 76 84 71 — 80 80
Supination 81-93 82 77 74 — 80 80
Wrist
Flexion 88-96 76 73 64 — 80 60
Extension 82-89 75 65 63 — 70 60
Radial deviation — 22 25 19 — 20 20
Ulnar deviation — 36 39 26 — 30 30

AAOS = American Association of Orthopaedic Surgeons; AMA = American Medical Association; M = males; F = females.

All values obtained with a universal goniometer.

∗Values in this column represent a range of means.

† Value refers to extension limitation.

TABLE A.2Glenohumeral Motion: Mean Values in Degrees
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TABLE A.2 Glenohumeral Motion: Mean Values in Degrees
Author Ellenbecker et al8 Ellenbecker et al8 Boon & Smith9 Lannan et al10
  11-17 yrs n = 113 11-17 yrs n = 90 12-18 yrs n = 50 21-40 yrs n = 60
Motion (M) (F) (18 M, 32 F) (20 M, 40 F)
Glenohumeral
Flexion — — — 106
Extension — — — 20
Abduction — — — 129
Medial rotation 51 56 63 49
Lateral rotation 103 105 108 94

M = males; F = females.

Values obtained with a universal goniometer.

TABLE A.3Finger Motions: Mean Values in Degrees
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TABLE A.3 Finger Motions: Mean Values in Degrees
...
Author Skarilova & Plevkova∗,11 Mallon et al‡;,12 Smahel & Klimova∗,13,14 Hume et al†,15 AAOS6 AMA7
  20-25 yrs n = 200 18-35 yrs n = 120 18-28 yrs n = 101 26-28 yrs n = 35    
Motion (100 M, 100 F) (60 M, 60 F) (52 M, 49 F) (M)    

Finger MCP

Flexion

 91 95 92 100 90 90
Extension 26 20 25 — 45 20

Finger PIP

Flexion

 108

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