| Anterior (frontal) | Supraorbital foramen | Supraorbital vessels, supraorbital nerve (frontal branch of ophthalmic division of trigeminal nerve) |
| | Supratrochlear foramen | Supratrochlear vessels and nerve |
| | Infraorbital foramen | Infraorbital vessels and nerve (branch of maxillary division of trigeminal nerve) |
| | Zygomaticofacial foramen | Branch of lacrimal artery and zygomaticofacial nerve (branch of maxillary division of trigeminal nerve) |
| Orbital | Optic canal | Optic nerve, ophthalmic artery, meninges, ophthalmic plexus of sympathetic nerves |
| | Anterior ethmoidal foramen | Anterior ethmoidal vessels and nerve (nasociliary branch of ophthalmic division of trigeminal nerve) |
| | Posterior ethmoidal foramen | Posterior vessels and nerve (nasociliary branch of ophthalmic division of trigeminal nerve) |
| | Nasolacrimal canal | Nasolacrimal duct |
| | Infraorbital foramen | Infraorbital nerve and vessels |
| | Superior orbital fissure (lateral to origin of the lateral rectus muscle) | Lacrimal nerve, frontal nerve, trochlear nerve, meningeal branch of lacrimal artery, orbital branch of middle meningeal artery, sympathetic branches from the carotid plexus |
| | Superior orbital fissure (between the heads of the lateral rectus muscle) | Superior and inferior ophthalmic veins, oculomotor nerve, nasociliary nerve, abducens nerve |
| Posterior | Mastoid foramen | Emissary vein connecting sigmoid sinus to the posterior auricular vein |
| Lateral | External auditory meatus | Air |
| | Tympanomastoid fissure | Auricular branch of vagus nerve |
| | Alveolar canals | Posterior superior alveolar nerves |
| | Infraorbital fissure | Infraorbital nerve and vessels |
| | Zygomaticofacial foramen | Branch of lacrimal artery and zygomaticofacial nerve (branch of maxillary division of trigeminal nerve) |
| | Zygomaticotemporal foramen | Zygomaticotemporal nerve of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve |
| Inferolateral | Pterygomaxillary fissure | Maxillary artery to infratemporal fossa artery |
| Anterior wall | Inferior orbital fissure | Structure that connects with orbit |
| Inferior wall | Greater palatine canal | Structure that extends to posterior surface of hard palate |
| | Foramen rotundum | Structure that connects with middle cranial fossa and allows for passage of maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve |
| Superior wall | Pterygoid canal | Structure that connects foramen lacerum via root of pterygoid process (vessel and nerve of pterygoid canal) |
| | Pharyngeal canal (palatinovaginal) | Structure that connects with posterior opening of nose |
| Medial wall | Sphenopalatine foramen | Structure that connects with superior meatus of nose |
| Inferior | Incisive foramen | Greater palatine artery, nasopalatine nerve |
| | Greater palatine foramen | Greater palatine artery and nerve |
| | Palatinovaginal canal | Pharyngeal branches of pterygopalatine (pharyngeal canal) ganglion and third portion of maxillary artery |
| | Foramen spinosum | Middle meningeal artery |
| | Foramen ovale | Mandibular division of trigeminal nerve, motor root of mandibular nerve, accessory meningeal artery, lesser superficial petrosal nerve, ... |